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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Exam Registration
PEARSON VUE

Exam Name
Wireless Analysis Professional

Sample Questions
CWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions

Duration
90 minutes

Exam Price
$275 USD

Number of Questions
60

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section
Objectives

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods
- Select capture devices

Laptop protocol analyzers
APs, controllers, and other management solutions
Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

- Install monitor mode drivers
- Select capture location(s)
- Capture sufficient data for analysis
- Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
- Capture roaming events

Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools
- Save to disk
- Packet slicing
- Event triggers
- Buffer options
- Channels and channel widths
- Capture filters
- Channel scanning and dwell time

Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions
- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
- View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
- View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
- Use expert mode for analysis
- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis

Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting
- WLAN scanners and discovery tools
- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
- Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools

Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types
- Define the problem
- Determine the scale of the problem
- Identify probable causes
- Capture and analyze the data
- Observe the problem
- Choose appropriate remediation steps
- Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers
- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views

Real-time FFT
Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
Utilization and duty cycle
Detected devices
WLAN integration views

Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues
- RF noise floor in an environment
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
- Sources of RF interference and their locations
- RF channel utilization
- Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
- Poor performing or faulty radios

Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures
- Identify various 802.11 PHYs

DSSS
OFDM
OFDMA
Channel widths
Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

Frequency hopping devices
IoT devices
Microwave ovens
Video devices
RF Jammers
Cordless phones

Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions
- AP-based spectrum analysis
- Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)
- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
- HT (High Throughput)
- VHT (Very High Throughput)
- HE (High Efficiency)

HE SU PPDU
HE MU PPDU
HE ER SU PPDU
HE TB PPDU
HE NULL data packets

Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data

Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers
- Pseudo-Header formats

Radiotap
Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Key pseudo-header content

Guard intervals
Resource units allocation
PPDU formats
Signal strength
Noise
Data rate and MCS index
Length information
Channel center frequency or received channel
Channel properties

Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers

Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types
- Supported PHYs
- Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation
- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)

Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis
- Management, Control, and Data frames
- MAC frame formats and contents

Frame Control field
To DS and From DS fields
Address fields
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

- 802.11 Management frame formats

Information Elements
Authentication
Association and Reassociation
Beacon
Prove Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data frame formats
- 802.11 Control frame formats

Acknowledgement (ACK)
Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
Block Acknowledgement and related frames
Trigger frames
VHT/HE NDP announcements
Multiuser RTS

Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis
- Country code
- Minimum basic rate
- Supported rates and coding schemes
- Beacon interval
- WMM settings
- RSN settings
- HT/VHT/HE operations
- Channel width
- Primary channel
- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs

Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

WLAN Medium Access - 10%

Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs
- Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)

Carrier Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED)
Network Allocation Vector (NAV)
Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff
Interframe spacing

- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)

EDCA Function (EDCAF)
Access Categories and Queues
Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN)

- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

WMM parameters
WMM-Power Save
WMM-Admission Control

CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q75-Q80):

NEW QUESTION # 75
What is an AIFS?

A. A form of aggregation performed at the PLCP sub-layer
B. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories
C. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
D. A medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented

Answer: B

Explanation:
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e:
AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is.
An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium.

NEW QUESTION # 76
You work as an SE for a value-added reseller. A client has an existing deployment of 802.11n Aps and wants to upgrade several BSSs to 802.11ac.
What hardware feature of some enterprise Aps may allow for this without a forklift upgrade?

A. Converting the 802.11n radio to an 802.11ac radio through software
B. Adding an 802.11ac module to the existing APs
C. Replace the antennas with 802.11ac antennas
D. Simply check the Enable 802.11ac checkbox in the web-based configuration interface

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 77
Given: There are many differences between analyzing wireless and wired networks. In a wireless network, there is no guarantee that one station can hear another station's transmissions.
If no corrective actions are taken nor corrective mechanisms implemented when a "hidden node" problem exists, which measurable statistics parameter will likely increase in a wireless protocol analyzer?

A. Contention Window
B. ACK Timeout
C. Duration value
D. BlockAck Reset
E. Retransmission Count
F. Authentication Failure

Answer: E

NEW QUESTION # 78
What must occur before an HT STA operating in an EDCA BSS can transmit a data frame over the wireless medium? (Choose 3)

A. Its NAV must be equal to one.
B. The backoff timer for the AC must equal zero.
C. The STA must receive a BlockAck, resetting the NAV to zero.
D. Its CCA must report that the medium is idle.
E. The AP must issue the STA a TXOP.
F. The appropriate interframe space must expire.

Answer: B,D,F

NEW QUESTION # 79
While troubleshooting DHCP issues, you perform a protocol capture in order to determine if the DNCP pool is depleted. The capture does not show DHCPnak messages. Where else could you look to determine if the pool is depleted?

A. Spectrum analyzer
B. AP logs
C. Switch logs
D. DHCP server logs

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 80
......

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