STD X – STUDY OF COMPOUNDS SULPHURIC ACID – EINSTEIN

Preparation and Properties of Sulphuric Acid

Properties of Sulphuric Acid:

Sulphuric Acid has molecular formula H2SO4 and molecular mass of 98.

Sulphuric acid is called ‘King of Chemicals’ because of its extensive use in a large number of industries.

Sulphuric acid is a powerful protonating agent.

It is also a moderately strong oxidising agent.

Sulphuric acid is also a powerful dehydrating agent and is used to remove a molecule of water from many organic compounds.

Sulphuric Acid, H2SO4, is a dibasic acid because it contains two hydrogens atoms which ionise in aqueous solution to become Hydrogen Ions, H(+).

Chemical Properties of Sulphuric acid

1. Pure sulphuric acid does not ionise and cannot be considered an acid. Dilute sulphuric acid ionises to form hydronium ions and sulphate ions. It is dibasic in nature (forms 2 H+ ions on dissociation)

2. With metal: (forms corresponding sulphate salt and hydrogen; reacts with metals above H in the reactivity series)

There are mainly two types of tests are performed for Sulphuric Acid,

Test for Dilute sulphuric acid.

Test for Concentrated sulphuric acid.

1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Organic Compounds

An organic compound is a chemical containing carbon. However there are some exceptions such as carbides, carbonates and simple oxides of carbon which contain carbon, but considered as inorganic compounds. Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds. In this topic you will be studying about the nature of carbon, structural isomerism and types of structural isomerism and homologous series.

Structural isomerism

Structural isomerism is a phenomena commonly seen in carbon compounds and is due to difference in the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Nomenclature is the system of assigning a name to a compound. Naming systems are classified in to two and they are:

Common or trivial system

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) system

Trivial system: Nomenclature is based on the source and specific  properties of organic compounds.

IUPAC: A more systematic approach where the compound name and its molecular structure are correlated. This nomenclature defines a set of rules and derives a unique name for compounds. Accordingly, each organic compound consists of a root word, a prefix and a suffix.

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are compounds that consist of only hydrogen and carbon.

Hydrocarbons are broadly classified into two main groups, namely:

        •  Open chain hydrocarbons

        •  Closed chain or cyclic hydrocarbons

Alkanes

Alkenes

Alkynes

Alcohols

Carboxylic Acid