STD VIII – LIFE PROCESS – REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS (Hybrid)

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Reproduction in plants is either asexual or sexual.

Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are not identical to their parents, whereas asexual reproduction produces identical offspring. Two parents are needed in sexual reproduction, and the offspring produced are genetically different to the parents.

Only one parent is needed in asexual reproduction, and the offspring produced are genetically identical.

Pollination

It is of 2 types: self-pollination and cross-pollination

Self-pollination: The pollen falls on the stigma of the same flower. It can occur only in bisexual flowers.

Cross-pollination: The pollen falls on the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same kind.

Fertilization in Plants

1.The ovule with the fertilised cell develops into a seed. The ovary turns into the fruit while the ovule covering becomes the seed coat. The other parts of the flower now drop off.

2. A ripened ovary is called a fruit

 Reproduction in Animals

All organisms need to reproduce otherwise, there will be no more of that species.

Reproduction is the process by which an organism gives birth to a new individual. In other words, reproduction is to create or recreate a new living thing, such as a baby.

Reproductive phase is the phase in the life of every individual which makes the individual capable of reproducing the offspring.

Animals reproduce in one of two ways:

Asexual reproduction: Asexual reproduction only involves a single organism. In this animals produce young, which are identical to themselves, without mating with another animal. It works by division (or splitting) of the cell. Most creatures that reproduce in this way do not live very long but can reproduce in large numbers rapidly. Most bacteria reproduce by this method.

Sexual reproduction: Sexual reproduction involves two organisms of the same species, each supplying half the genes for the descendant. Here a female animal’s egg unites with a male’s sperm cell after mating, in a process known as fertilization. The offspring inherit features, called traits, from both parents. These animals tend to develop more slowly and many have parental care after birth.