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STD X – LIGHT – NEWTON

About Course

In this section you will be learning the following chapters 1. Refraction of light through plane surfaces 2. Refraction of light through Lens 3.Spectrum

Last Updated:July 24, 2025

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REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES

As you already know, light travels along a straight line path in a single medium. It also travels in a straight path when there are two different mediums but with the same density.
Are you curious to know, the behaviour of light when it travels from one medium to another medium but with different densities?

The light ray bends at the border between the two mediums with different densities. This phenomenon is known as the refraction of light. This topic is all about refraction, laws of refraction, refractive index and all important terms related to these concepts. Refraction happens due to the varying speed of light in different media.

Refraction of light through a PRISM

The visible light or the white light which when passes through a prism is segregated into its constituent colours namely violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. This phenomenon is known as the dispersion of light. This dispersion occurs due to the varying refraction angles of lights of different colours when passed through a transparent medium. Red colour refracts the least while violet colour refracts the most.

In this topic, you will learn more about refraction through the prism with the help of a diagram and also the concept of angle of deviation.

REFRACTION THROUGH A LENS

Optics is the branch of physics that deals with the properties and behavior of light. Refraction of light is the bending of light when it travels from one transparent medium to the other. Light travels at a different speed in different optical media. Refractive index is the refracting ability of a medium. Higher the refractive index denser the medium. In this topic, you will be studying about the lens as the refracting medium, important terms related to a lens, type of lens and difference between the types of lens.

Power, Magnification and Determination of Focal Length of A Lens

The capacity of a lens to bend light defines the lens power. The refraction of light is increased with the increase in lens power. Dioptres is the unit to measure lens power.

The ratio of the height of an image to the height of an object is known as the magnification of a lens. It can also be defined with respect to image distance and object distance.

The point on which all parallel rays of light converge is the focal point of a convex lens.The distance between the centre of a convex lens and the focal point of a lens is the focal length.The focal length of a convex lens can be determined by the distant object method.

SPECTRUM

When a light ray enters one refracting surface of the prism, it bends towards the normal and when it emerges out of the other refracting surface it bends away from the normal. The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is the angle of deviation.

Dispersion:

The phenomenon due to which a polychromatic light, like sunlight, splits into its component colours, when passed through a transparent medium like a glass prism, is called dispersion of light.

Spectrum:

The band of colours obtained on the screen, when a polychromatic light splits into component colours is called a spectrum.

Refraction of light also has clinical importance.
This concept can be used in areas such as optometry, ophthalmology and orthoptics
The most prevalent use of lenses is in the making of binoculars and telescopes to view distant objects or in microscopes and magnifying glasses to view tiny objects
Refraction of light also has clinical importance
Dispersion of light is important for seeing what we see
Study of light makes the science of capturing moments possible
It aids in Magnification

Free

Free access this course

Level

Intermediate
Total Enrolled

3
Duration

7 hours 30 minutes
Last Updated

July 24, 2025

💻 Online recap of Lessons
📒 Worksheet questions and solution
📚 Testing and solution
TEACHING AIDS:
🌺refraction through a prism verified for 60-60-60 and 45-90-45 prism
🌺calculation of real and apprarent depth by using uplifted coin and plastic fish

Course Duration: 7h 30m

Course level:Intermediate

Enrolled:3

About Course

In this section you will be learning the following chapters 1. Refraction of light through plane surfaces 2. Refraction of light through Lens 3.Spectrum

Refraction of light also has clinical importance.
This concept can be used in areas such as optometry, ophthalmology and orthoptics
The most prevalent use of lenses is in the making of binoculars and telescopes to view distant objects or in microscopes and magnifying glasses to view tiny objects
Refraction of light also has clinical importance
Dispersion of light is important for seeing what we see
Study of light makes the science of capturing moments possible
It aids in Magnification

Course Curriculum

REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – 2025

X – REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – CRITICAL ANGLE AND TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION – INTRODUCTION

56:08
X – REFLECTIONS – REFLECTION OF A POINT ABOUT X, Y AND ORIGIN

29:22

REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES

LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – INTRODUCTION TO REFRACTION

16:47
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT A – INTRODUCTION

03:10
REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – CORE CONCEPT – INTRO

19:57
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – B – REFRACTION OF LIGHT

03:10
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – C – PARTIAL REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

03:01
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – DEVIATION AND LAWS OF REFRACTION

21:56
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT D – LIGHT TRAVELING FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER

08:38
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – E – LAWS OF REFRACTION

02:23
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – H – CONDITIONS FOR LIGHT RAY TO PASS UNDEVIATED

03:16
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – G – REFRACTIVE INDEX

06:09
REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – CORE CONCEPT – LAWS OF REFRACTION

16:53
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VELOCITY, REFRACTIVE INDEX, FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH

23:09
REFRACTION CORE CONCEPT – I – FACTORS AFEECTING REFRACTIVE INDEX OF A MEDIUM

03:08
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – PRINCIPLE OF REVERSIBILITY

06:42
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – J – PRINCIPLE OF REVERSIBILITY

03:10
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – K – LATERAL DISPLACEMENT

04:11
REFRACTION OF LIGHT – CORE CONCEPT – IN TERMS OF SPEED OF LIGHT

10:21
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – PRINCIPLE OF REVERSIBILITY

07:21
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – LATERAL DISPLACEMENT

10:09
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – LATERAL DISPLACEMENT

04:26
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – MULTIPLE IMAGES THROUGH A THICK SLAB

18:55
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – APPLICATION OF REFRACTION OF LIGHT

15:50

REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – 31 MARCH AND 1 – APRIL – REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM

REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – L – REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM

06:02
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – M – FACTORS AFFECTING ANGLE OF DEVIATION

04:40
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – CRITICAL ANGLE

11:46
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT P – CRITICAL ANGLE

04:49
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT O – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

05:48
REFRACTION OF LIGHT- THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – APPLICATION OF REFRACTION

05:49
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – N – REAL AND APPARENT DEPTH

07:34
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT Q – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION II CONDITIONS FOR FORMING A MIRAGE

02:49
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – DIVIATION THROUGH A GENERAL PRISM AND FACTORS EFFECTING ANGLE OF DEVIATION

32:11
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM

19:18
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – TOTAL INTERNAL REFRACTION THROUGH PRISM

26:29
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION THROUGH 45 – 90 – 45 PRISM PENSCOPE

16:48
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION THROUGH 45 – 90 – 45 PRISM SLIDE PROJECT

05:46
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT -R – REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM 45 – 90- 45

11:23
REFRACTION- CORE CONCEPT- S – REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM 60 – 60 – 60

03:36
LIGHT – PHYSICAL CLASS – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION THROUGH EQUILATERAL PRISM AND 30 – 60 – 90

08:15
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT-T 30-60-90 – REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM

11:03
REFRACTION CORE CONCEPT – U – DISTINCTION BETWEEN TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION AND REFLECTION

05:27
REFRACTION – CORE CONCEPT – SIMPLE APPLICATIONS

31:20
REFRACTION NUMERICAL – CORE CONCEPT – EX 4 A

14:55
REFRACTION NUMERICAL – CORE CONCEPT – EX 4 B

05:09
REFRACTION NUMERICAL – CORE CONCEPT – EX 4 C

10:58
REFRACTION – LET US RECALL

23:46

REFRACTION THROUGH A LENS – 04 APRIL 2023 – INTRODUCTION TO TERMS
Lens and Refraction through a lens Types of Lenses Formation of Images by a lens Power, Magnification of a Lens

REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – LENSES AS PRISMS – CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE

06:51
REFRACTION OF LIGHT A LENS – CORE CONCEPT – REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES

23:52
REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – TECHNICAL TERMS – CENTRE OF CURVATURE, RADIUS OF CURVATURE AND OPTICAL CENTRE

28:40
REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – CENTRE AND RADIUS OF CURVATURE AND OPTICAL CENTRE – BLURRED

21:48
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – FOCAL POINT – BLURRED

23:23
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – TECHNICAL TERMS – FIRST AND SECOND FOCI OF CONCAVE AND CONVEX LENSES

15:47
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – TECHNICAL TERMS – FOCAL LENGTH AND FOCAL PLANE

15:28
REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – CORE CONCEPT – MAGNIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF LENSES

14:09

REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH LENSES – 8 APRIL 2023 – CONSTRUCTION OF RAY DIAGRAMS

REFRATION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – PRISM ACTION FOR LENSES

10:14
REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – LENSES AS PRISMS – CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE

06:52
REFRATION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – CONVENIENT RAYS FOR DRAWING RAY DIAGRAMS

10:36
REFRATION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – CONVEX LENS – OBJECT AT INFINITY, FINITE DISTANCE, BEYOND 2F1 AND AT 2F1

21:42
REFRATION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – CONVEX LENS – OBJECT BETWEEN 2F1 AND F1, AT F1 AND BETWEEN F1 AND O

13:18
REFRATION THROUGH LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – CONCAVE LENSES – RAY DIAGRAMS FOR OBJECT AT INFINITY, FINITE DISTANCE AND BEYONF 2F2

11:02
REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – CORE CONCEPT – RECAP OF ALL RAY DIAGRAMS

23:52
LIGHT – SPHERICAL LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – MAGNIFICATION AND POWER – NUMERICALS – PART – I

14:43
LIGHT – SPHERICAL LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – MAGNIFICATION AND POWER – NUMERICALS – PART – II

23:23
LIGHT – SPHERICAL LENSES – PHYSICAL CLASS – MAGNIFICATION AND POWER

20:12

REFRACTION THROUGH LENSES – 14 APRIL 2023 – SIGN CONVENTION AND MAGNIFICATION

SPECTRUM – 15 APRIL 2023 – DEVIATION OF WHITE LIGHT
Deviation, dispersion and Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum and its broad classification Scattering of light and its application

SPECTRUM – 22 APRIL 2023 – COMPONENTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

SPECTRUM – PHYSICAL CLASS – DEVIATION, DISPERSION AND SCATTERING

12:05
SPECTRUM – PHYSICAL CLASS – DEVIATION OF COMPONENTS OF WHITE LIGHT AT DIFFERENT ANGLES

16:25
SPECTRUM – PHYSICAL CLASS – THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

17:47
SPECTRUM – REVISION CLASS – REVISION

19:58
SPECTRUM – REVISION CLASS – REVISION II

18:23
SPECTRUM – REVISION CLASS – REVISION III

10:36
SPECTRUM – PHYSICAL CLASS – DEVIATION AND SPLITTING OF WHITE LIGHT

17:56
SPECTRUM – PHYSICAL CLASS – SPLITTING OF WHITE LIGHT AND SOLVED HOTS

18:07
SPECTRUM – PHYSICAL CLASS – THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM AND ITS RANGE

11:00

REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – APRIL 2024

REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – EFFECT OF REFRACTION ON U, F, & LAMBD

15:51
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES -PHYSICAL CLASS – FACTORS AFFECTING REFRACTIVE INDEX

06:07
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – P.C -LATERAL DISPLACEMENT & MULTIPLE IMAGES

16:37
REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – SNELLS LAW AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT

23:23
REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – APPLICATION OF REFRACTION AND TIR

12:15
REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – HOTS BASED ON REFRACTION AND TIR

16:22
REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – NUMERICALS BASED ON SNELL’S LAW AND REAL DEPTH

10:20
REFRACTION THROUGH PLANE SURFACES – PHYSICAL CLASS – TOTAL INTERNAL REFRACTION THROUGH PRISM

23:23

LIGHT – REVISION – QUESTION AND ANSWER DISCUSSION CLASS

ASSIGNMENTS AND PAPER DISCUSSIONS

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