STD IX – HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ARCHIMEDES

NUTRITION

Nutrients and Balanced Diet

 Nutrients are substances that provide nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth.

There are two types of nutrients which we need for our survival, micronutrients, and macronutrients. This division is based on the quantity of a nutrient the body needs.

We need micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in small amounts and macronutrients ( carbohydrates, proteins, and fats)in large amount.

SKELETON

Movement is an extremely important feature of all living beings.Movement refers to the change in the direction, shape, etc, of body parts. Locomotion is the change in body position from one place to another. Animals exhibit both and movement and locomotion while plants exhibit only movement.

In a human body, the skeletal system shapes the body, while the muscular system supports movement. In this topic, you will learn about the role of bones in locomotion and movement.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Digestion of Food in Mouth and Stomach

We all eat food to live. This food which is consumed is then broken down into simpler molecules which can be then be absorbed by the body easily. All the nutrients that we consume are broken into different molecules.

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing and ends in the small intestine.

SKIN

What is skin?

The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 2 square metres. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature and permits the sensations of touch, heat and cold.

The skin has three layers:

Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

Dermis: The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands.

Hypodermis: The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.