STD IX – FLOWERING PLANTS (Online)

Bisexual Flower

Bisexual or perfect flowers have both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive structures, including stamens and an ovary.

Many plants have complete flowers with both male and female parts, others only have male or female parts, and still, other plants have flowers on the same plant that are a mix of male and female flowers.

Complete and Incomplete Flowers:

When all the four whorls of the flower are present, it is called a complete flower. All bisexual flowers are generally complete flowers.

Example: Hibiscus

Some flowers have only the male parts (Staminate) or only the female parts (Pistillate). These are called unisexual or incomplete flowers. 

Pollination

It is the biological process of transferring the pollen grains from the male reproductive organ to the female reproductive organ of a flower.

There are 2 different types of pollination and are mainly based on the distribution of pollen grains. They are Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination.

Fertilization

In the fertilization process, female and male gametes fuse together to form a diploid zygote. This process occurs after the pollination of the carpel.

The complete series of fertilization takes place within the zygote to develop into a seed and flowers play a major role as they are the reproductive structures of angiosperms.