STD IX – DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS ARCHIMEDES

Five Animal Kingdom

Grouping of Organisms;

Organisms are grouped from less complex to more complex and from less similarity to increasing similarity.

All individuals of a species can interbreed. Offspring obtained by breeding individuals of different species have been found to be sterile e.g. mule is the sterile offspring of donkey and horse

Kingdom classification

Monera, Protista, Fungi

According to Linnaeus, all organisms were classified into 2 categories: Animals and Plants. This classification was discarded because:

Bacteria and fungi are not true plants but were classified with plants

Euglena, Chlamydomonas have chloroplasts and some animals features also

PLANTAE

In 1969 Whittaker proposed a “five kingdom” system: Protista (the single-celled eukaryotes); Fungi (fungus and related organisms); Plantae (the plants); Animalia (the animals); Monera (the prokaryotes).

ANIMALIA

Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata, under the phylum Chordata and under the kingdom Animalia.

Economics Importance of Bacteria

The role of Bacteria in Medicine:

Antibiotics | Serums | Vaccines | Toxoids

The role of Bacteria in Agriculture:

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | Nitrifying bacteria | Denitrifying bacteria | Scavenging Role | Production of fuel | Disposal of sewage

The role of Bacteria in the Industry:

Curing of tea | Tanning of leather | Retting of fibres | Dairy industry

Harmful Effects of Bacteria:

Food Spoilage | Food poisoning | Damaging of domestic articles | Denitrification | Desulphurization | Bioweapons

Economic Importance of Fungi

Fungi are useful to man in several ways. Some of them are edible and serve as food.

Fungi play an important role in the fields of:

Medicine | Industry | Food industry | Fungi in Breweries | Fungi in Bakeries